The Codice Fiscale
There are quite a few steps to buying property in Italy (not to mention establishing residence). But no matter what your goal, the first thing you're going to need is a magic number called codice fiscale. As the name implies, it's an Italian financial identifier and you need it for pretty much any transaction beyond normal tourist activities.
Naturally, there's a form to fill out and of course, it's in Italian. Everything is in Italian of course but it's pretty obvious what goes where. Three that aren't immediately obvious are stato, indirizzo and no. civco. Stato (if you live in the USA) is "Stati Uniti d'America", indirizzo is your street and no. civco. is your street number. So if you live at 123 Main Street indirizza = "Main Street" and no. civco. = "123". And remember, in Italy (and just about everywhere else) dates are in the form DD/MM/YYYY.
To get the form you need, find your state (or county for places that overlap like New Jersey) in the list of Italian Consulates below. Click the "English" button at the upper left, then click "Forms" and finally on the forms page click "Codice Fiscale application". The form (usually a PDF or Word document) will download and you're all set.
You may be able to visit your consulate, passport and proof of residence in the consulate's jurisdiction (i.e your driver's license) in hand and fill out the form there. But read your consulate's instructions carefully. The Philadelphia office asks that you apply for the codice fiscale by fax or mail, not in person.
The Philadelphia consulate returned my paper Certificato Di Attribuzzione Del Codice Fiscale about two and a half weeks after I mailed in the form and documentation. The Certificato is a simple printed form with the codice fiscale and it's bar code equivalent at the top, my full name, date of birth and the consulate's stamp and the signature of an official at the bottom.
I've read elsewhere it can take as long as 3 months to get the official plastic card. Technically you don't need the card, but I've seen a few online comments indicating the paper version was not accepted. Conclusion... apply early so you'll have the card if you need it.
Italian Consulates:
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
CONSOLATO GENERALE D'ITALIA IN CHICAGO
Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee
Pennsylvania, Delaware, North Carolina, West Virginia, New Jersey (only the following counties: Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Ocean and Salem
CONSOLATO GENERALE D'ITALIA IN LOS ANGELES
Arizona, California (The following counties: Imperial Valley, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura), New Mexico, Nevada
CONSOLATO GENERALE D'ITALIA IN MIAMI
Alabama, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Florida, Georgia, Island of Saba, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, St. Maarten, St. Eustatius, South Carolina, Turks and Caicos, U.S. Virgin Islands
CONSOLATO D'ITALIA IN NEWARK
The following counties in New Jersey: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, Warren
CONSOLATO GENERALE D'ITALIA IN NEW YORK
New York and Connecticut and the British Territories of Bermuda Islands and the following cunties in New Jersey: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, Warren
CONSOLATO GENERALE D'ITALIA IN SAN FRANCISCO
Alaska, California (except the following counties: Imperial Valley, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, which fall within the jurisdiction of the Consulate General in Los Angeles), Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Hawai'i. Also, the following American territories of: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Wake Island, Midways Islands, Johnston Atoll
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